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Monday, February 8, 2021

ECOLOGICAL TERMS AND DEFINTIONS

 TERMS USED IN ECOLOGY

abiotic

nonliving parts of the environment

autotroph

an organism that produces its own food; the source of energy for all other living things on earth

biodiversity

the variety of species in an area

biosphere

all of Earth's ecosystems, collectively; the biologically inhabited portions of Earth, including all of the water, land, and air in which organisms survive

biotic

the living parts of the environment

carnivore

an organism that survives by eating animals

carrying capacity

the largest population of any single species that an area can support

community

a combination of all the different populations that live and interact in the same environment

competition

the struggle between organisms for the same limited resources in a particular area

consumer

an organism that obtains its energy from producers

decomposer

an organism, generally a bacterium or fungus, that consumes (eats) dead organisms and organic waste

ecology

the study of how living things interact with one another and with their environment

ecological niche

the specific role played by an organism or a population of organisms in the ecosystem

ecological succession

the process by which an existing community is replaced by another community

ecosystem

all the living and nonliving things that interact in a specific area; a subdivision of the environment

energy pyramid

a diagram showing how food energy moves through the ecosystem

environment

every living and nonliving thing that surrounds an organism

food chain

a representation that identifies the specific feeding relationships among organisms

food web

a representation of many interconnected food chains that shows the feeding relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers

habitat

the place where an animal or plant lives

herbivore

an organism that eats only plants

heterotroph

an organism that cannot make its own food; consumers

host

the organism in a parasitic relationship that provides a home and/or food for the parasite

limiting factors

any factor in the environment that limits the size of a population

parasite

an organism that survives by living and feeding on other organisms

population

all the individuals of a single species that live in a specific area

predator

an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

prey

an animal that is hunted and killed by predators

producer

an organism that makes its own food from light energy and inorganic materials

scavenger

a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms

biome

a climax community of plants and animals that covers a large geographic region

saprophytes

organisms that feed on dead and decaying organisms, includes heterotrophic plants, bacteria, and fungi

omnivores

animals that feed on both plants and animals

climax community

final stable stage in an ecological succession

energy flow

the movement of energy through an ecosystem

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