What is a gene?
It is the basic unit of heredity and it codes for a specific trait.
What is a genome?
It is the total hereditary endowment of DNA of a cell or organism
What is a locus (plural loci)?
It is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
What is a somatic cell?
It consists of all the body cells except reproductive cells.
What is a gamete?
It is the reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
What is a chromosome?
It is the elongate cellular structure composed of DNA and protein. They are the vehicles which carry DNA in cells.
What is a homologous chromosome?
It is a chromosome of the same size and shape which carry the same type of genes.
What is a diploid (2n)?
It is the cellular condition where each chromosome type is represented by two homologous chromosomes.
What is a haploid (n)?
It is the cellular condition where each chromosome type is represented by only one chromosome.
What is a chromatid?
It is one of two duplicated chromosomes connected at the centromere.
What is a centromere?
It is the region of chromosome where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis.
What is an allele?
It is an alternate form of the same gene. For example, there are two genes that control height, that is, one for shortness and the other for tallness.
What is a homozygous individual?
It is the condition where an individual has two identical alleles for a given gene.
What is a heterozygous individual?
It is the condition where an individual has two different alleles for a given gene.
What is a genotype? -
It is the genetic makeup of an organism?
What is a phenotype?
It is the expressed traits of an organism or the outward manifestation of the genes.
There are two types of cell divisions. They are mitosis and meiosis?
- Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells.
- Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells.
We will discuss more details of cell division in the next post.
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