1. Cerebrum: This forms the bulk of the brain and it is responsible for the intellectual functions such as thinking, learning, motor skills, sensory functions, personality, etc.
2. Cerebellum: This is the center that helps with balancing of the body during various movements.
3. Medulla oblongata: This is the cardio-respiratory center. It controls the rate of the heart and also the rate of respiration. It is closely related to first cervical bone which has the protrusion called the dens. When the dens fractures during a whiplash injury, it can compress on the medulla and then the heart and respiratory system will fail to function.
4. Thalamus: This relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. It regulates consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
5. Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes such as the synthesis and secretion of certain neurohormones (often called releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones). It also plays a role in autonomic nervous system by controling body temperature, hunger, important aspects of parenting and attachment behaviors, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.
6. Pons: This acts as a relay station between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. It is also plays a role in sleep and dreaming.
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