WHAT IS A SCATTERPLOT?

What is a scatter plot? 

Scatter plot is a mathematical technique that is used to represent data. Scatter plot is also called a Scatter Graph or Scatter Chart. It uses dots to describe two different numeric variables. The position of each dot on the horizontal and vertical axis indicates values for an individual data point. A scatter plot helps find the relationship between two variables. This relationship is referred to as a correlation.

Types of Scatter Plot

 Based on the correlation, scatter plots can be classified as follows.

• Scatter Plot for Positive Correlation
• Scatter Plot for Negative Correlation
• Scatter Plot for Null Correlation (No correlation)

Scatter Plot for Positive Correlation

A scatter plot with increasing values of both variables can be said to have a positive correlation. In other words, the two variables change in the same direction. As the x-variables increase, the y-variables also increase. For example, as the temperature gets more and more higher in the summer, the amount of ice cream eaten by people increases.

Scatter Plot for Negative Correlation

A scatter plot with an increasing value of one variable and a decreasing value for another variable can be said to have a negative correlation. In other words, as the x-values increase, the y-values decrease.

Scatter Plot for Null Correlation

A scatter plot with no clear increasing or decreasing trend in the values of the variables is said to have no correlation. Here the points are distributed randomly across the graph. 

QUESTION FOR TYHE DAY

Correct answer: Linear association with bivariate data with negative correlation.

Explanation:

We are comparing two variables, one on the 𝑥-axis and the other on the 𝑦-axis. So, this is bivariate data.
We can draw a line coming as close as possible to all points. This is known as the line of best fit or trend line, and it shows us that a linear association is a good fit for the data. As we increase the independent variable, 𝑥-axis, there is a decrease in the dependent variable, 𝑦-axis. A decrease in 𝑦 values as we increase 𝑥 values means that there is a negative correlation between the variables. So, the graph shows a linear association with bivariate data with negative correlation.

Collision Theory and Factors that affect the Rate of Chemical Reactions

Set Notations and Real Numbers

PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON THE CELL

 ANSWERS ARE PROVIDED IN THE NEXT POST

1. Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

A. Ribosomes 

B. Plasma membrane 

C. Nucleus 

D. Cell wall 

 

2. Which structure helps transport substances in the cell? 

A. vesicles 

B. vacuole 

C. lysosomes 

D. cytoskeletal fibers. 

 

3. mRNA Leaves the nucleus through the  

A. chromatin 

B.  nuclear pores  

C. nucleolus  

D. chromosomes. 

 

4. How is the nucleus the control center of the cell? 

A. By producing signaling molecules. 

B. By modifying all biomolecules into energy. 

C. By housing DNA 

D. By synthesizing energy in the form of ATP. 

 

5. Which part of an animal cell would breakdown harmful bacteria which has entered the cell? 

A. lysosomes 

B.  Mitochondria 

C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum  

D. rough endoplasmic reticulum 

 

6. When the cell is not dividing, DNA is seen within as ________________ ? 

A. chromatin 

B. the nucleolus 

C. a double Helix strand 

D. chromosomes 

 

7. If a poison specifically destroyed the ribosomes of a cell, what is the main reason that the cell would die?  

A. the cell would not be able to digest any unwanted bacteria. 

 B. there would be no more nutrients transported into the cell.  

C. the cell would not be able to make any new proteins. 

 D the cell would no longer be able to move. 

 

8. Which statement below does not apply to cytoskeleton? 

A. In animals, it is used to support the shape 

 B. anchors organelles but allows them to move 

 C. network of protein fibers within the cytoplasm.  

D. examples are actin, microtubules and vacuoles 

9. Compared to prokaryotic cells, which are the following is true about eukaryotic cells. 

A.  eukaryotic cells are smaller. 

B. eukaryotic cells have no plasma membrane 

C. eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. 

 D eukaryotic cells have a capsule. 

 

10. If eukaryotic cells lacked Golgi apparatus, which of the following will be true? 

A.  It could not package proteins. 

B.  It would not have genetic information. 

C.  It could not maintain its shape.  

D.  It could not make energy. 

ANSWERS 

1. Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

A. Ribosomes 

B. Plasma membrane 

C. Nucleus 

D. Cell wall 

 

2. Which structure helps transport substances in the cell? 

A. vesicles 

B. vacuole 

C. lysosomes 

D. cytoskeletal fibers. 

 

3. mRNA Leaves the nucleus through the  

A. chromatin 

B.  nuclear pores  

C. nucleolus  

D. chromosomes. 

 

4. How is the nucleus the control center of the cell? 

A. By producing signaling molecules. 

B. By modifying all biomolecules into energy. 

C. By housing DNA 

D. By synthesizing energy in the form of ATP. 

 

5. Which part of an animal cell would breakdown harmful bacteria which has entered the cell? 

A. lysosomes 

B.  Mitochondria 

C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum  

D. rough endoplasmic reticulum 

 

6. When the cell is not dividing, DNA is seen within as ________________ ? 

A. chromatin 

B. the nucleolus 

C. a double Helix strand 

D. chromosomes 

 

7. If a poison specifically destroyed the ribosomes of a cell, what is the main reason that the cell would die?  

A. the cell would not be able to digest any unwanted bacteria. 

 B. there would be no more nutrients transported into the cell.  

C. the cell would not be able to make any new proteins. 

 D the cell would no longer be able to move. 

 

8. Which statement below does not apply to cytoskeleton? 

A. In animals, it is used to support the shape 

 B. anchors organelles but allows them to move 

 C. network of protein fibers within the cytoplasm.  

D. examples are actin, microtubules and vacuoles 

9. Compared to prokaryotic cells, which are the following is true about eukaryotic cells. 

A.  eukaryotic cells are smaller. 

B. eukaryotic cells have no plasma membrane 

C. eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. 

 D eukaryotic cells have a capsule. 

 

10. If eukaryotic cells lacked Golgi apparatus, which of the following will be true? 

A.  It could not package proteins. 

B.  It would not have genetic information. 

C.  It could not maintain its shape.  

D.  It could not make energy. 

THE ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS

TEST YOURSELF ON THE TEETH - MCQ

 1. Which of the following is the hardest substance in the human body?

 A) Enamel          

 B) Dentin 

C) Pulp 

D) Cementum

Answer: A) Enamel

Rationale: Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth, and it is the hardest substance in the human body. It protects the tooth from wear and tear caused by chewing and other activities. Dentin is the layer under the enamel and is less hard than enamel but still quite durable. Pulp is the soft tissue located in the center of the tooth, while cementum is the layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth.

2. What is the function of the periodontal ligament? 

A) It provides shock absorption during chewing 

B) It nourishes the tooth and keeps it healthy 

C) It anchors the tooth to the jawbone 

D) It protects the tooth from wear and tear

Answer: A) It provides shock absorption during chewing

Rationale: The periodontal ligament is the tissue that attaches the cementum to the bone that surrounds the tooth. It provides shock absorption during chewing and helps to keep the tooth stable. It does not nourish the tooth or protect it from wear and tear, and while it does anchor the tooth to the jawbone, this is not its primary function.

3. Which type of tooth is responsible for cutting and tearing food? 

A) Incisors

B) Canines 

C) Premolars 

D) Molars

Answer: A) Incisors

4. Which type of tooth is responsible for grinding and crushing food? 

A) Incisors 

B) Canines 

C) Premolars 

D) Molars

Answer: D) Molars

5. Which layer of the tooth contains nerves and blood vessels? 

A) Enamel 

B) Dentin 

C) Pulp 

D) Cementum

Answer: C) Pulp

6. What is the term for the hard deposit that forms on teeth due to a buildup of bacteria? 

A) Plaque 

B) Tartar 

C) Decay 

D) Cavity

Answer: B) TartarWhat is the term for a tooth that has not emerged from the gumline? A) Impacted B) Decayed C) Infected D) Abscessed

Answer: A) Impacted

7. What is the term for the loss of tooth structure due to acid produced by bacteria? 

A) Plaque 

B) Tartar 

C) Decay 

D) Cavity

Answer: C) Decay

8. Which type of tooth is often referred to as the "eye tooth"? 

A) Incisor 

B) Canine

C) Premolar 

D) Molar

Answer: B) Canine

9. What is the term for the surgical removal of a tooth? 

A) Extraction

 B) Filling 

 C) Root canal

 D) Crown

Answer: A) Extraction

10. What is the term for a dental restoration that covers the entire surface of a tooth? 

A) Filling 

B) Crown 

C) Bridge 

D) Implant

Answer: B) Crown

11. What is the term for a tooth that is not properly aligned with the other teeth? 

A) Impacted 

B) Decayed

C) Malocclusion 

D) Abscessed

Answer: C) Malocclusion

STRUCTURE OF THE TEETH

 Teeth are a crucial component of the human body's digestive system. They are responsible for mechanically breaking down food into smaller pieces, which aids in the digestion process. Teeth are composed of multiple layers of specialized tissues that work together to support the tooth's function.

A normal adult mouth has 32 teeth, which have erupted by about age 13, except the wisdom teeth.

• Incisors (8 total): The middlemost four teeth on the upper and lower jaws.
• Canines (4 total): The pointed teeth just outside the incisors.
• Premolars (8 total): Teeth between the canines and molars.
• Molars (8 total): Flat teeth in the rear of the mouth, best at grinding food.
• Wisdom teeth or third molars (4 total): These teeth erupt at around age 18, but are often surgically removed to prevent displacement of other teeth.

The anatomy of the tooth can be divided into two parts: the crown and the root. The crown is the visible portion of the tooth above the gumline, while the root is the portion of the tooth that is embedded in the jawbone.

Here are the different layers of the tooth and their functions:

1. Enamel - This is the hard, outermost layer of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and protects the tooth from wear and tear.

2. Dentin - This is the layer under the enamel that makes up most of the tooth's structure. It is less hard than enamel but still quite durable. Dentin is responsible for giving teeth their color.

3. Pulp - This is the soft tissue located in the center of the tooth. It contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues that nourish the tooth and keep it healthy.

4. Cementum - This is the layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth. It anchors the tooth to the jawbone and helps to hold it in place.

5. Periodontal Ligament - This is the tissue that attaches the cementum to the bone that surrounds the tooth. It provides shock absorption during chewing and helps to keep the tooth stable.

Overall, the different layers of the tooth work together to support the tooth's function in the digestive process. Proper dental hygiene, such as regular brushing and flossing, can help to keep these layers healthy and prevent tooth decay and other oral health problems.